Need something more simple? deny {host-address | host-name | any} [wildcard]. Note, this is not exhaustive, its just the bits needed to get through the common RESTCONF use cases. interface VirtualPortGroup0 ip unnumbered GigabitEthernet4 ! Thats overly simplifying YANG however, which is a very deep topic indeed. When youre searching for a starting point in building RESTCONF, its not necessary to have all the various containers, lists, and leaves displayed just a high level of where to begin is what youre after. Clearly you cant create a physical interface, but you can certainly make a logical one. wrap your head around, but its really not too bad. develop strategies to understanding creating the body. Lets start by trying to find BGP. It looks rather impressive, and according to the webinar I attended, it apparently sorts out the confusion around augments. RESTCONF swaps the SSH session that NETCONF uses and instead A tree depth of 2 is a little small to be useful, but it made for a better screenshot. If that seems like a lot to absorb, Ill break it all down in greater detail later in the article. Exits line configuration mode and returns to privileged EXEC mode. permit {protocol-number | ipv6-source-address | ipv6-source-prefix | protocol}any. YANG - A Data Modeling Language for the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF). The following sample output from the show platform software yang-management process command shows that the nginx process and DMI processes are up and running: After AAA and the RESTCONF interface is configured, and nginx process and relevant DMI processes are running; the device is Exits global configuration mode and returns to privileged EXEC mode. I think this example speaks for Enable the Cisco IOS-HTTP services for RESTCONF. XML encoding is used in this example. Run this GET in Postman: https://10.200.200.100/restconf/data/ietf-interfaces:interfaces/interface=GigabitEthernet1/ipv4/address This is the same URL weve been using for our example, but with /ipv4/address at the end. NETCONF/RESTCONF + YANG are to take those same tasks and make them more The uniform netconf-yang ssh {{ipv4 | ipv6 }access-list name access-list-name} | port port-number}. Once here, uncheck the default Accept header: Create a new Accept header at the bottom specifying application/yang-data+json: Press Send again, and the output should now return in JSON: Ill proceed with using JSON from here on out of personal preference. The main use case is fairly obvious. Any Python (or any other programming language) However, in this example, one list = multiple lines of config: This takes a little practice to read-only. However, after two days of trying to get Yang Suite running, I decided to get back to typing this. Lets say on neighbor 5.5.5.5 we also wanted to enable ebgp-multihop. All the YANG models are available for download via github. Each BGP neighbor, and all the config associated with it, is a list. However; DMI proceses are not enabled. Prerequisites for the RESTCONF Protocol Restrictions for the RESTCONF Protocol Information About the RESTCONF Protocol Reference RFC 3780: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3780. possible with an SSH session, but with REST, every command is transactional and If the specified command is not present on the device, the POST request creates it ; however, if it is already present in familiar with REST APIs and therefore the interface is very familiar. Well come back more on the solution to this shortly.As I mentioned above, the files are laid out in a tree. Enables the RESTCONF interface on your network device. UPDATE, and DELETE (CRUD) operations on a conceptual datastore containing YANG-defined data, which is compatible with a server In Cisco The REST API and RESTCONF are similar in name and behavior but they are different northbound APIs. Cisco Restconf Example What the tool accomplish The application automatically configures features on Cisco devices. With that covered, back to pyang.As I mentioned above, pyang only runs in Linux, so back to your Linux box! I have already pointed it out, but its pretty obvious from the file structure that IP address information would be inside ietf-ip.yang. Having to build all your config to understand how to address it Lets craft a new Loopback.Duplicate your tab again. and apply the following configuration commands: ip route 10.122.68.112 255.255.255.255 VirtualPortGroup0. deny {protocol-number | ipv6-source-address | ipv6-source-prefix | protocol}any Scrolling down a bit, well find the interfaces container: Followed immediately by the interface list. Configures a IP address and encryption key for a private RADIUS server. going to swap back to the IETF models for now, as theyre not as daunting to Alert Tool (accessed from Field Notices), the Cisco Technical Services Newsletter, and Really Simple Syndication (RSS) Feeds. When I first started on this topic, I was hoping for a translation of RESTCONF into CLI to show what was actually going on behind the scenes, but no such luck. Exits IPv6 access list configuration mode and returns to global configuration mode. For example: Methods are HTTPS operations (GET/PATCH/POST/DELETE/OPTIONS/PUT) performed on a target resource. and password you created into the Username and Password blank. Hopefully youre following along I have successfully tested this withcsr1000v-universalk9.16.09.08. Ill show more examples on If youve tested SNMP writes, youve probably seen the example of why never to leave unguarded write SNMP access on: you can actually write a value to reboot the router. Access to most tools on the Cisco Support website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password. Models for various releases of IOS-XE, IOS-XR, and NX-OS platforms are available here. If no service-level ACLs are configured, all NETCONF-YANG and RESTCONF connection requests are permitted into the subsystems. https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/index.html. Note the output is in XML. adoption primarily because of the difficulty in navigating MIBs to figure out Lets take a quick look at the Cisco-IOS-XE-native.yang file with pyang: jeff@linuxlab:~/yang/vendor/cisco/xe/1721$ pyang -f tree Cisco-IOS-XE-native.yang. It has similar goals to the IETF models but is backed by a group of manufacturers instead of the IETF: https://www.openconfig.net/projects/models/. RESTCONFUses structured data (XML or JSON) and YANG to provide a REST-like APIs, enabling you to programmatically access For the purposes of this documentation set, bias-free is defined as language that does not imply discrimination based on age, disability, gender, racial identity, ethnic identity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and intersectionality. RESTCONF. only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. RESTCONF provides a programmatic interface based on standard mechanisms for accessing configuration data, state data, data-model-specific Remote Procedure Call (RPC) operations and events, defined in the YANG model. Clients that do not conform to the configured ACL are not . I send following request: But if i show the running configuration, i can see that there are PoE configurations on the interface that are not shown in the API output: Is this part of the configuration found on some other path? I deliberately picked banner as While trying to edit a file, the first edit already exists and an error is reported. Comparing To receive security and technical information about your products, you can subscribe to various services, such as the Product Press Send. This feature was introduced on the following platforms: Cisco 4000 Series Integrated Services Router, Cisco ASR 1000 Aggregation Services Routers, The following commands were introduced or modified: ip http server and restconf. Feature Information for NETCONF and RESTCONF Service-Level ACLs, Information About NETCONF and RESTCONF Service-Level ACLs, Overview of NETCONF and RESTCONF Service-Level ACLs, How to Configure NETCONF and RESTCONF Service-Level ACLs, Configuring an ACL for a NETCONF-YANG Session, Configuring an ACL for a RESTCONF Session, Configuration Examples for NETCONF and RESTCONF Service-Level ACLs, Example: Configuring an ACL for a NETCONF Session, Example: Configuring an ACL for a RESTCONF Session, Additional References for NETCONF and RESTCONF Service-Level ACLs. 10-30-2021 The BGP example is a good use case. As a result, Remote Procedure Call (RPC) operations and events, defined in the YANG model. NGINX is an internal webserver that acts as a proxy webserver. this as we proceed. for further syntax/semantics check. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------, 0.0.0.0/0 172.25.223.137 eth1, 10-30-2021 The Cisco Support website provides extensive online resources, including documentation and tools for troubleshooting and Below configurations and Basic Authentication are required to get the RESTCONF working. information with RESTCONF overlaps with NETCONF (as RESTCONFs origin I personally enjoy using RESTCONF because Im already Hmm, however CCO account don't permit to get ISO image CSR1000 with support RESTCONF. Important Note: For some preliminary understanding, its not possible to configure the router in its completion with the IETF models or Openconfig models. One of the Well also need to go and modify the headers so that were sending JSON.Uncheck the default Content-Type: At the bottom of headers, as we did above for Accept, create a new Content-Type of application/yang-data+json: To start preparing to send JSON to the CSR, click on Body and select raw: Copy the output from your earlier GET of GigabitEthernet1. The RESTCONF module is not present in all the releases of CSR1000v. requires a little bit of interpretative work. RESTCONF provides a programmatic interface based on standard mechanisms for accessing configuration data, state data, data-model-specific Note, I did try multiple ISRs.For brevity, I couldnt show the entire config here, so Ive just shown another relevant snippet from below: As an example, lets create a banner on the CSR:csr1k#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. NETCONF typically works over an SSH The features are tested on Cisco CSR1000v with IOS XE 16.06.01. plain text, yet its easy to demonstrate how complex this can be to read in bgp neighbor easy for you to read as a human, but try to parse that with Compare to the prior screenshot of pyang that didnt have the ipv4 tree information in it. jeff@linuxlab:~/yang/vendor/cisco/xe/1721$ pyang -f tree Cisco-IOS-XE-native.yang tree-depth=3 > native.out jeff@linuxlab:~/yang/vendor/cisco/xe/1721$ vi native.outSearch for bgp. Next, Perform this task to use the RESTCONF interface. Going back to my original Youll get this more-specific subset of the body: With ietf-ip.yang augmenting ietf-interfaces.yang, the URL above breaks down visually as follows: Getting hard to visualize? that implements NETCONF datastores. As mentioned at the beginning of the article, this isnt about teaching how to program, its about teaching practical RESTCONF. Prerequisites for the RESTCONF Protocol Restrictions for the RESTCONF Protocol Information About the RESTCONF Protocol Note the key of namebelow: This gives us all the building blocks of the URL below. The potentially confusing matter Description (partial) Symptom: A device configured through RESTCONF is not able to complete the configuration changes because the configuration gets locked, this issue was first identified when a Tunnel interface configuration was applied. However, on 17.2.1, all the Cisco native YANG files combined are approximately 300,000 lines long. Alert Tool (accessed from Field Notices), the Cisco Technical Services Newsletter, and Really Simple Syndication (RSS) Feeds. an edit-id. works), and is enabled by default. Lets take a look at the other Cisco native YANG files in the directory, filtering for the word bgp in the file names: The correct file is fairly obvious:Cisco-IOS-XE-bgp.yang. NETCONF and RESTCONF have their own rich set of RPCs.A brief introduction can be had by performing a GET on https://your-router-ip/restconf/operations: (RPC operations are underneath /restconf/operations, instead of /restconf/data). End with CNTL/Z. csr1k(config)#ip http secure-server csr1k(config)#ip http authentication local . the running configuration, the command will be replaced by this request. computer readable/writable, instead of human readable/writable. It provides Transport Layer Security (TLS)-based HTTPS. this back to our earlier example: Ill show this in a better visual when we get to demoing pyang. NETCONFs XML interface by optionally offering JSON as a data format (XML can Building off this example, Ive grabbed the JSON contents of it and modified one field the IP address from .102 in the fourth octet to .103. csr_mgmt Activated iosxe-remote-mgmt.03.16.04a.S.155-3 and apply the following configuration commands: ! Learn more about how Cisco is using Inclusive Language. After youve downloaded and signed into Postman, you should get a page that looks something like mine. For reference, all the Cisco-supported IETF YANG files combined are less than 14,000 lines combined. Navigating RESTCONF for Cisco Network Engineers, https://www.openconfig.net/projects/models/, https://your-ip-address/restconf/data/Cisco-IOS-XE-native:native, https://10.200.200.100/restconf/data/Cisco-IOS-XE-native:native/banner/exec, https://github.com/CiscoDevNet/yang-explorer, https://your-router-ip/restconf/operations, The cliff notes version of the pyang tool, A quick & dirty way to implement working As illustrated above, no matter how good an industry standard model is, its not going to cover anything vendor-specific (and many things that arent vendor-specific). As shown in this article you can use the RESTCONF protocol to simplify and manage network configurations and operational features. The problem becomes apparent the more you work with programmatic models, vendors just do things differently, and even though all networking is generally standard, the way things are handled inside a router are completely different. Change PUT to POST, remove the remainder of the URL after ietf-interfaces:interfaces. NETCONF Additionally: The debugs on the router are near useless. For more information, see RFC 8040 - RESTCONF Protocol. Ive never cared for reading learning material that doesnt let you get your hands dirty until all the learning is done. It can be done, but its very clunky. RESTCONF primer RESTCONF is a very close functional equivalent of . There are a few other But if i show the running configuration, i can see that there are PoE configurations on the interface that are not shown in the API output: interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2 power inline port 2x-mode source template LAN end Runs authorization to determine if an user is allowed to run an EXEC shell. A YANG-Patch is identified by a unique patch-id. statement that the CLI was built for humans and APIs are built for code, it A well-written script and an API can do in minutes what a human would take hours to perform, and at the cost of zero man-hours. meant to be both read and write, but the write element never gained wide The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. This white paper is designed to be read either as a . New here? Postman allows you to interact with a REST API without writing any code.Assuming you have those things running, lets make RESTCONF do something. This section provides a few RESTCONF YANG-Patch examples. The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. The documentation set for this product strives to use bias-free language. Add the list back in at the end of our URL: https://your-ip-address/restconf/data/ietf-interfaces:interfaces/interface=Loopback1001. virtual-service csr_mgmt request sent via HTTPS is first received by the NGINX proxy web serve,r and the request is transferred to the confd web server What we want is a deeper view of the tree starting at that one location. a particular method on a given resource that pertains to a target YANG model residing in the RESTCONF server. Use these resources to familiarize yourself with the NSO Developer community: Customers Also Viewed These Support Documents, Free NSO training material - Introduction, Itential Automation Platform (Solution Plus Partners), Accedian Skylight (Solution Plus Partners). This is what I pasted this into the Body field: You can check your work by running the GET from your prior tab again, or you can just log in to the router and look: Lets also go ahead and create some data. Thats an easy way to show some simple usage. If you are managing hundreds of devices, the amount of time it takes to make decision-based changes (If X happens, then do Y) is prohibitively slow via manually SSHing into every device, determining what needs changed, and then making the change. The rest of the edits are not attempted to the target datastore by the RESTCONF server. In both my personal education and in work projects, theres been a slow but steady move into network automation. If you experience errors, check the code again. Thats an example of an SNMP-triggered RPC. An obvious example is youll never see an EIGRP or PFR IETF YANG model. Since were also going to be using a tool that only All rights reserved. The first, and from my understanding, the original, is the IETF. For more information, see Examples for RESTCONF RPCs. Exceptions may be present in the documentation due to language that is hardcoded in the user interfaces of the product software, language used based on RFP documentation, or language that is used by a referenced third-party product. In the body, change the name to Loopback and a number of your choosing, change type to softwareLoopback, change the IP address to something that doesnt overlap with other interfaces, and (optionally) change your netmask to a /32. Lets add it in to our pyang tree: Searching for bgp produces several hits, but having a working knowledge of networking, and a basic understanding of YANG, makes the correct one obvious: This requires scrolling up a bit to figure out the tree leading up to router, and frankly, you should be pulling the files out to notepad++ or a similar tool to make following a large tree easier. /restconf/data/ = This path will be specified for RESTCONF config data. Next are the native models. Now we just need to see them both in the same tree. Application/YANG-Data+XML OR Application/YANG-Data+JSON. IOS-XE version 16.09.06 in use here. The unique identifier is the Key, defined in the list. The most obvious is that streaming telemetry (example: polling the You can configure an IPv4 or IPv6 access control list (ACL) for NETCONF and RESTCONF sessions. This module describes the service-levels ACLs supported on NETCONF and RESTCONF, and how to configure it. This Ive also enabled the interface. The following table shows how the RESTCONF operations relate to NETCONF protocol operations: A RESTCONF device determines the root of the RESTCONF API through the link element: /.well-known/host-meta resource that contains While Use these resources to familiarize yourself with the community: RestConf GET does not show complete interface configuration, Customers Also Viewed These Support Documents. is more likely what the YANG developers intended, but takes some patience and a Your email address will not be published. deeper understanding of YANG. First, perform a GET on: https://10.200.200.100/restconf/data/ietf-interfaces:interfaces/interface=GigabitEthernet1 Since Ive preconfigured my GigabitEthernet1 we get back some configuration details: Lets break down what we asked for in the GET: https://10.200.200.100/restconf/data/ietf-interfaces:interfaces/interface=GigabitEthernet1. Programmability Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Dublin 17.10.x, View with Adobe Reader on a variety of devices, View in various apps on iPhone, iPad, Android, Sony Reader, or Windows Phone, View on Kindle device or Kindle app on multiple devices. In NSO, RESTCONF protocol is supported by NSO 4.3 or later. You can either configure an IP access-list or an IPv6 access list for your NETCONF-YANG session. lark, I tried it on a CSR1K: As you can see, it works fine on a CSR, but not on an ISR I would love an explanation if anyone knows why this is. For simplicitys sake, lets just demonstrate rebooting the router: In closing, with the increasing use of network automation its important to familiarize yourself with RESTCONF and YANG. YANG data models for various releases of IOS XE, IOS XR, and NX-OS platforms. NETCONF-YANG and RESTCONF connection requests are filtered based on the source IP address. A RESTCONF device uses the RESTCONF API root resource as the initial part of the path in the request URI. SNMPs original use case was YANGA data modelling language that is used to model configuration and operational features . If you configured the router correctly, the response field should look like this: NOTE: Nothing too useful here other than it tells us that RESTCONF is working. CALLOUT: Another vendor-neutral model is from Openconfig. 204 No Content CPU utilization every X seconds) requires a session to stay open. Here is the link for download. In this post I'll show how to use Cisco's native YANG model to modify static IP routes. education. really makes a lot of sense. automation. In the previous post I have demonstrated how to make changes to interface configuration of Cisco IOS XE device using the standard IETF model. different network devices. There are countless trainings for Python elsewhere on the web. subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature. In Cisco IOS XE Fuji 16.8.1a, this feature was implemented on the following platforms: Cisco 1000 Series Integrated Services Routers, Cisco ASR 900 Series Aggregation Services Routers, Cisco ASR 920 Series Aggregation Services Router, Cisco Catalyst 9500 and 9500-High Performance Series Switches, Cisco Network Convergence System 4200 Series. For illustration purposes, Im I attended the kick-off. Use Release Fuji to get RESTCONF feature. device. in the API just isnt a clean method. Right-click on your current tab and press Duplicate Tab: On the new tab, change your GET to a PUT: As I had mentioned, this isnt meant to serve as a REST tutorial, but while GET retrieves data, and POST creates new data, PUT is used for modifying existing data. YANG determines the scope and Please note the user that is authenticating must have previlage 15. Thats subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature. In order to go further with this, The logical place to start would be to see if its include natively (no pun intended) inside the main module. The purpose of the Catalyst Programmability and Automation White Paper is deep dive into programmability and automation topics with Cisco IOS XE through tangible use cases and examples. I have found the GET differences on both IETF and Cisco Native models to be considerably different between virtual platforms and physical platforms. RPC operations and event notifications defined in the YANG model. This module allows the user to configure data on RESTCONF enabled devices. When a device boots up with the startup configuration, the nginx process will be running. In releases prior to Cisco IOS XE Fuji 16.8.1, an operational data manager (based on polling) was enabled separately. self-documentation. aaa authorization exec default group group-name local. session to TCP port 830. Introducing Aruba Wireless; Crossconnect's newest wireless offering. Specifies that no authentication is required while logging into a system. reader has familiarity already. The HTTPS-based RESTCONF protocol (RFC 8040), is a stateless protocol that uses secure HTTP methods to provide CREATE, READ, Find answers to your questions by entering keywords or phrases in the Search bar above. The server-name argument specifies the RADIUS server group name. So were going to swap off the IETF example above and on to the Cisco native models. A vulnerability in the authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) function of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass NETCONF or RESTCONF authentication and do either of the following: Install, manipulate, or delete the configuration of an affected device Cause memory corruption that results in a denial of service (DoS) on an affected device . An easy way to think of RESTCONF is just putting a web API on top of dynamically configure an extended access-list with CLI commands, with a Additionally, RESTCONF expands on It is considerably more readable than SNMP MIBs are, but its a lot to digest. The ideas behind Your email address will not be published. A thorough explanation of YANG. While its great that its human-readable, 300,000 lines is not a readable length, summarization is necessary. 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