After this illness, he allowed his family to visit regularly. The message was then relayed to the Royal Australian Air Force Operations at 9.37 am. U.S. sports platform Fanatics has raised $700 million in a new financing round led by private equity firm Clearlake Capital, valuing Fanatics at $31 billion. The packaging includes the 24-page booklet from the original, reduced in size in the case of the CD. Darwin was lightly defended relative to the size of the attack, and the Japanese inflicted heavy losses upon Allied forces at little cost to themselves. [64], Hess was obsessed with his health to the point of hypochondria, consulting many doctors and other practitioners for what he described to his captors in Britain as a long list of ailments involving the kidneys, colon, gall bladder, bowels and heart. For the BBC Radio 4 comedy series, see. [64], Hess's antisemitism markedly increased after the war started, as he was convinced that the war had been caused by Jews. [26], After hearing the Nazi Party leader Hitler speak for the first time in 1920 at a Munich rally, Hess became completely devoted to him. Hitler was sentenced to five years imprisonment, and the Nazi Party and SA were both outlawed. [128][129] Lennon discussed the studio effects used on the new songs, including "I Am the Walrus",[129] which received its only contemporary airing on BBC radio when disc jockey Kenny Everett played it as part of the interview broadcast on 25 November 1967. The purpose of the council was to protect the Nazi Party from criticism that it was attempting to extend the process of Gleichschaltung to international ethnic German communities. [30] The process led to a struggle between him and Lennon over the film's content. [147][148] A psychiatrist who examined him in 1957 deemed he was not ill enough to be transferred to a mental hospital. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band", the song serves to welcome the audience to the event and uses a trumpet fanfare. [23] This wave was led by Commander Mitsuo Fuchida, who had also commanded the first wave of attackers during the raid on Pearl Harbor. 5, 50] Traveling the seas in He was thin when he arrived, weighing 65 kilograms (143lb), and had a poor appetite, but was deemed to be in good health. [23] The Beatles' use of psychedelic drugs such as LSD was at its height during that summer[24] and, in author Ian MacDonald's view, this resulted in a lack of judgment in their recordings as the band embraced randomness and sonic experimentation. [24] In addition to the Australian forces, ten United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) Curtiss P-40 Warhawks were passing through Darwin en route to Java on the day of the attack. "All You Need Is Love" George Martin on piano; This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 21:31. [128] According to author John Winn, because the lyrics included the word "knickers", the song "remained unofficially prohibited from BBC playlists for the time being". Pepper,[154] was destabilised as individual creative agendas were increasingly pursued over 1968. [25] Hess nicknamed the boy "Buz". Then it A/Bs three fabulous singles. Hess had originally written the document as his opening address at the Nuremberg trial in 1946, which he had been unable to deliver in full after the judges cut him short. He was wounded on 23 July and again on 8 August 1917; the first injury was a shell splinter to the left arm, which was dressed in the field, but the second was a bullet wound that entered the upper chest near the armpit and exited near his spinal column, leaving a pea-sized entry wound and a cherry stone-sized exit wound on his back. [151], According to music historian Clinton Heylin, the release of Magical Mystery Tour and of the Rolling Stones' Their Satanic Majesties Request, which was the Stones' answer to Sgt. [54] As Hess had been born abroad, Hitler had him oversee the Nazi Party groups such as the NSDAP/AO that were in charge of party members living in other countries. Hess's appeal to neo-Nazi groups in West Germany further increased the Soviet unwillingness to consider his release. Hess's office was partly responsible for drafting Hitler's Nuremberg Laws of 1935. Hajime Toyoshima was taken prisoner when his Zero crashed on Bathurst Island. After additional training at the Munster Training Area, he was promoted to Vizefeldwebel (senior non-commissioned officer) and received the Bavarian Military Merit Cross. [67] It was their thirteenth British EP and only their second, after 1964's Long Tall Sally, to consist of entirely new recordings. [8][nb 13], Any resentment or hostility that the watching audience might have felt towards the Boxing Day broadcast of Magical Mystery Tour was more than amply counterbalanced by the fact that for three weeks over the Christmas and new year period the "Hello, Goodbye" single and the Magical Mystery Tour EP were numbers one and two in the UK singles chart. [62] Author Jonathan Gould describes "I Am the Walrus" as "the most overtly 'literary' song the Beatles would ever record",[88] while MacDonald deems it "[Lennon's] ultimate anti-institutional rant a damn-you-England tirade that blasts education, art, culture, law, order, class, religion, and even sense itself". He was authorised to increase the sentences of anyone he felt got off too lightly in these cases, and was also empowered to take "merciless action" if he saw fit to do so. Of the RAAF aircraft at the base, six Hudson light bombers were destroyed and another Hudson and a Wirraway were badly damaged. [14] Their aircraft comprised 81 Nakajima B5N ("Kate") light bombers, 71 Aichi D3A ("Val") dive bombers, and an escort of 36 Mitsubishi A6M ("Zero") fighters. The same diary also records 13 ships were sunk on the 19th and that three Japanese submarines were sunk in Darwin Harbour in June and August. [13][14] His view was at odds with his bandmates' wishes, with George Harrison especially eager to pursue their introduction to meditation. Pepper. Pepper as the highpoint of the Beatles' application of sound "colorisation", musicologist Walter Everett says that the band introduced some effective "new touches" during this period. [115] The booklet contained song lyrics, photographer John Kelly's colour stills from the filming,[116] and colour story illustrations in the comic strip style[68] by Beatles Book cartoonist Bob Gibson. [52] The track was completed with Lennon overdubbing live radio signals found at random, finally settling on a BBC Third Programme broadcast of Shakespeare's The Tragedy of King Lear. WebThe bombing of Dresden was a joint British and American aerial bombing attack on the city of Dresden, the capital of the German state of Saxony, during World War II.In four raids between 13 and 15 February 1945, 772 heavy bombers of the Royal Air Force (RAF) and 527 of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) dropped more than 3,900 tons of high Instead, the band continued recording songs for the United Artists animated film Yellow Submarine and, in the case of "All You Need Is Love", for their appearance on the Our World satellite broadcast on 25 June,[9] before travelling over the summer months and focusing on launching their company Apple. no. Soon he was detected by several other stations, and the aircraft was designated as "Raid 42". [173] Reviewing for Mojo in 2002, Charles Shaar Murray said Magical Mystery Tour was the Beatles album he turned to most often following Harrison's death the previous year and that it evokes an era "when society still seemed to be opening up rather than closing down". [33][34], Hess and some SA men had taken a few of the dignitaries hostage on the night of the 8th, driving them to a house about 50 kilometres (31mi) from Munich. The aircraft crashed at 23:09, about 12 miles (19km) west of Dungavel House, the Duke of Hamilton's home. Veterans Pension Benefits (Aid & Attendance). While the B5N was a purpose-built torpedo bomber, it could instead carry up to 800 kilograms (1,800lb) of bombs and there is no evidence of torpedoes being used on this occasion; the D3A could carry up to 514 kilograms (1,133lb) of bombs. The Zero of Yoshio Egawa and the Val dive bomber of Takeshi Yamada and Kinji Funazaki, ditched upon returning to the carriers. [156] "The Fool on the Hill" was highly popular among other artists, particularly cabaret performers,[157] and became one of the most covered LennonMcCartney compositions. The underbanked represented 14% of U.S. households, or 18. All four band members attended the 17 October memorial service for Epstein, held at the New London Synagogue on Abbey Road, close to EMI Studios, and the 18 October world premiere of How I Won the War, a film in which Lennon had a starring role. It includes the soundtrack to the 1967 television film of the same name. Janes | The latest defence and security news from Janes - the trusted source for defence intelligence "[191], In 1968 and 1971, true-stereo mixes were created for "Penny Lane", "Baby, You're a Rich Man" and "All You Need Is Love",[67] which allowed the first true-stereo version of the Magical Mystery Tour LP to be issued in West Germany in 1971. Hess was a vegetarian, and he did not smoke or drink. "How the Jewish hounds will howl when Adolf Hitler stands before them", he concluded. Each country supplied prison guards for a month at a time on a rotating basis. [42] That day, the title song was given a new barker-style introduction by McCartney (replacing Lennon's effort, which was nevertheless retained in the version used in the film)[43] and an overdub of traffic sounds. Barrow also said that McCartney was concerned that if the others travelled to India to study with the Maharishi, it would mean the end of the Beatles. On that day, 242 Japanese aircraft, in two separate raids, attacked the town, ships in Darwin's harbour and the town's two airfields in an attempt to prevent the Allies from using them as bases to At this vague rendezvous point arrangements would be made to feed them. [116] In Record Mirror, Norman Jopling wrote that, whereas on Sgt. [45], On 30 January 1933, Hitler was appointed Reich Chancellor, his first step in gaining dictatorial control of Germany. [116] Bradford[104] and Forrest[114] said they spoke to survivors who estimated as many as 1,500 people died. "[98] While in Spandau prison, Hess told journalist Desmond Zwar that Germany could not win a war on two fronts. [60] In the words of journalist Douglas Lockwood, after the second Japanese air raid, the commander of RAAF Darwin, Wing Commander Stuart Griffith, summoned his senior administrative officer, Squadron Leader Swan, and gave a verbal order that all airmen were to move half a mile down the main road and then half a mile inland. [55] Hitler instructed Hess to review all court decisions that related to persons deemed enemies of the Party. He continued to suspect that his food was being poisoned and complained of amnesia. [35] At 9.35am Father McGrath of the Sacred Heart mission on Bathurst Island, who was also an Australian coastwatcher, sent a message using a pedal radio to the Amalgamated Wireless Postal Radio Station at Darwin that a large number of aircraft were flying overhead and proceeding southward. All on FoxSports.com. [141][nb 14] It was nominated for a Grammy Award for Album of the Year in 1969. [91][92] Bormann used the opportunity afforded by Hess's departure to secure significant power for himself. [16] At the time of the event, there was no functional radar to provide early warning of air raids, and the town's civil defences were dysfunctional. A separate legal code for Poles and Jews in the annexed areas was created, imposing draconian punishments. He cried out in the night, claiming he had stomach pains. [52] An organiser of the annual Nuremberg Rallies, he usually gave the opening speech and introduced Hitler. The crews of these guns had conducted little recent training due to ammunition shortages. [171][172][173] A report declassified and published in 2012 led to questions again being asked as to whether Hess had been murdered. [132][133] Efforts were made to trigger his memory, including bringing in his former secretaries and showing old newsreels, but he persisted in showing no response to these stimuli. [90] For this reason, Hitler ordered that the German press should characterise Hess as a madman who made the decision to fly to Scotland entirely on his own, without Hitler's knowledge or authority. [18] According to Beatles historian Mark Lewisohn, the Magical Mystery Tour sessions "began in earnest" on 5 September; filming started on 11 September, and the two activities became increasingly "intertwined" during October. [68][69], According to music journalist Rob Chapman, each of the new tracks "represents a distinct facet of the group's psychedelic vision". [91] McCartney said the idea was inspired by the Dutch design collective the Fool, who derived their name from the tarot card of the same name, and possibly by the Maharishi. The Allied navies largely abandoned the naval base at Darwin after the initial 19 February attack, dispersing most of their forces to Brisbane, Fremantle, and other, smaller, seaports. The mono album was reissued as part of The Beatles in Mono CD and LP box sets in 2009 and 2014 respectively. They were not allowed to speak to one another without permission and were expected to work in the facility, helping with cleaning and gardening chores. Pepper should have been". He was given a life sentence, one of seven Nazis to receive prison sentences at the trial. He engaged five US Army Air Force P-40 Warhawk fighters and single-handedly shot down four of them. [49], EMI engineer Ken Scott on the band's approach to recording Magical Mystery Tour, In their new songs, the Beatles continued the studio experimentation that had typified Sgt. [142], Spandau was placed under the control of the Allied Control Council, the governing body in charge of the military occupation of Germany, which consisted of representatives from the UK, France, the United States, and the Soviet Union. [238], This article is about the Beatles' double EP and LP. When the German government failed to meet its reparations payments and French troops marched in to occupy the industrial areas along the Ruhr in January 1923, widespread civil unrest was the result. [61], While the NWA staff could see what was happening and issued countermanding orders "the damage was done and hundreds of men were already beyond recall". 12 Squadron, which was equipped with CAC Wirraway advanced trainers (which had been pressed into service as fighters), and No. In the same speech, Hess, referring to the Black Horror on the Rhine story, stated the defeat of 1918 was followed by an occupation of the Rhineland by "niggers", which he again blamed on the Jews. The Lowe Commission estimated "between 300 and 400" people were wounded. [51] The bombers left the Darwin area at about 12:20pm.[40]. [47] Most aviation historians believe Tsuru and Uchikado's Aichi was brought down by ground fire,[50] possibly from a major Australian Army camp at Winnellie. He pointed out that the timing of Hess's trip to Scotland, only six weeks before the German invasion of the Soviet Union, could only be viewed as an attempt by Hess to keep the British out of the war. [26][nb 3], Early, pre-overdub mixes of some of the film songs were prepared on 16 September,[28] before the Beatles performed the music sequences during a six-day shoot at RAF West Malling, a Royal Air Force base in Kent. Patio Bar, grill foods, fish fry, music, 50/50 and door prizes! A short note to his family was found in his pocket, thanking them for all that they had done. The modern display began during the 1948 United States presidential election when it was used by the Dixiecrats, a political party that opposed civil rights for African Americans. [34], The four Japanese aircraft carriers launched 188 aircraft on the morning of 19 February. [160], In September 1979, medical tests showed that Hess was suffering from potentially fatal prostate cancer. He injured his foot, either while exiting the aircraft or when he hit the ground. [58] Its most notable impact was in the Sudetenland, where in 1933 it promoted Konrad Henlein as the politician with the best hope of building a Nazi-friendly party that would win mass support without being banned by the Czechoslovak government. [21] The air forces stationed in and near the town comprised No. He left the armed forces in December 1918 with the rank of Leutnant der Reserve. ), Tang Yui (Tong Yan), Wong Hing (Waneng W.), Ip Bui (Zip Pui), John Hyde, John Knight, Man Loy (Moullay), Ip Yau (Yip You), "the ship took stock of her damage. [161] Hit Parader said that "the beautiful Beatles do it again, widening the gap between them and 80 scillion other groups." This became a major theme of his wartime speeches. Due to the alleged clues in its artwork, the album returned to the, Lennon made the remark following the December 1965 TV special, "The Beatles' 'Magical Mystery Tour' at 50", "The 50 best psychedelic rock albums of the Summer of Love", "45 Years Ago: The Beatles' 'Magical Mystery Tour' Tops the Charts", "John Lennon & Paul McCartney: Apple Press Conference 5/14/1968", "Official Singles Chart Top 50: 10 January 1968 16 January 1968", "The Beatles: Every album and single, with its chart position", "How Many Records did the Beatles actually sell? [155], In 1968, jazz musician Bud Shank released the album Magical Mystery, which included five of the EP's tracks and "Hello, Goodbye". Lawrence had been the president of the judicial group at the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg. After the interview Hess was taken under guard to Maryhill Barracks in Glasgow, where his injuries were treated. [37], Flying escort in a Zero fighter, Petty Officer Yoshikazu Nagahama was separated from his squadron while he was attacking the PBY flying boat and arrived over the city alone ahead of the strike force, which was making a turn to attack from the south. The remastered stereo CD features a mini-documentary about the album. [160] Goda states that Wolf Hess's efforts to free his father ultimately backfired as he conflated the question of whether his father deserved release on humanitarian grounds with the question of whether his father was guilty. [67][108] The first side contained the film soundtrack songs, although in a different order from the EP. Reed said that exchanging drugs for meditation as their subject matter had left the Beatles "totally divorced from reality", and he especially ridiculed "I Am the Walrus" on an LP he deemed a "platter of phony, pretentious, overcooked tripe". At least 21 labourers working on the wharf were killed when it was bombed. [5][6] Titled Magical Mystery Tour, it would combine Kesey's idea of a psychedelic bus ride with McCartney's memories of Liverpudlians holidaying on coach tours. [68][114] The record's cover featured a photo of the Beatles in animal costumes, taken during the shoot for "I Am the Walrus", and marked the first time that the band members' faces were not visible on one of their EP or LP releases. [1], This article is about the year 1998. Hitler was arrested on 11 November. "[171] AllMusic critic Richie Unterberger opines that the psychedelia is "even spacier in parts" than on Sgt. Don Isidro was the first of these two ships to be attacked, and was rapidly sunk 40 kilometres (25mi) north of Melville Island. He was still serving his life sentence at the time of his suicide in 1987. [10], In late August, while the Beatles were attending a Transcendental Meditation seminar held by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi in Wales, their manager Brian Epstein died of a prescription drug overdose. It turned into an album over here, but it was just [meant to be] the music from the film. Haushofer told Hess that he believed that King George VI was opposed to Churchill and would dismiss him and send him to Canada at the first opportunity. [6], As early as August 1941, Darwin had been a key in the South Pacific air ferry route designed to avoid routes through the Japanese mandate in the central Pacific for bomber reinforcement of the Philippines. [175] With the eventual consent of his family, Hess's grave was re-opened on 20 July 2011. no. In Britain only, the film was then screened on Boxing Day to an audience estimated at 15 million. [31][nb 4] The Beatles also recorded "Hello, Goodbye" for release as a single accompanying the soundtrack record. This symptom and some of his increasingly erratic behaviour may have in part been a ruse, because if he were declared mentally ill, he could be repatriated under the terms of the Geneva Conventions. He demonstrated aptitudes for science and mathematics, but his father wished him to join the family business, Hess & Co., so he sent him in 1911 to study at the cole suprieure de commerce in Neuchtel, Switzerland. After Hitler became Chancellor in January 1933, Hess was appointed Deputy Fhrer of the Nazi Party in April. "[118], The Japanese raid was unlike the attack on Pearl Harbor in that it was launched against a nation that had already declared war on Japan (on 8 December 1941). [162] Rolling Stone was launched in October 1967 with a cover photo of Lennon from How I Won the War;[163] in its fourth issue, the magazine's review of Magical Mystery Tour consisted of a single-sentence quote from him: "There are only about 100 people in the world who understand our music. Hess tried to mail a copy of the statement to Sir Oswald Mosley in October 1946, but the letter was intercepted by his US guards. [59][nb 6] A tape loop of decelerated guitar sounds was used on "The Fool on the Hill"[61] to create a swooshing bird-like effect towards the end of that song. [72], "Magical Mystery Tour" was written as the main theme song shortly after McCartney conceived the idea for the film. [88] After reading the letter, Hitler let loose a cry heard throughout the entire Berghof and sent for a number of his inner circle, concerned that a putsch might be underway. January 6 The Lunar Prospector spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for frozen water, in soil in permanently shadowed craters near the Moon's poles. He then took a heading of 335 degrees for the trip across the North Sea, initially at low altitude, but travelling for most of the journey at 5,000 feet (1,500m). VIDEX 2022: Vietnam deploys armed UGV for special forces operations WebEvents January. The number of people killed during 19 February raids is disputed. [58] Due to the limits of multitracking, the process of feeding in reversed sounds was carried out live during the final mixing session. All of these facilities were seriously damaged.[43]. [78] He originally offered it for the Our World broadcast, but the Beatles favoured Lennon's "All You Need Is Love" for its social significance. 13 Squadron which operated Lockheed Hudson light bombers. [65] In MacFarlane's description, the songs reflect the Beatles' growing interest in stereo mixes, as "remarkable sonic qualities" are revealed in the placement of sounds across the stereo image, making for a more active listening experience. The injury required that the leg be kept in traction for 12 weeks, with a further six weeks bed rest before he was permitted to walk with crutches. His initial posting was against the British on the Somme;[8] he was present at the First Battle of Ypres. When he reached the coast near the Frisian Islands, he turned and flew in an easterly direction for twenty minutes to stay out of range of British radar. [81] Wearing a leather flying suit bearing the rank of captain, he brought along a supply of money and toiletries, a torch, a camera, maps and charts, and a collection of 28 different medicines, as well as dextrose tablets to help ward off fatigue and an assortment of homeopathic remedies. We will update you on new newsroom updates. [120] Womack wrote that 311 were wounded. [168], Hess was found dead on 17 August 1987, aged 93, in a summer house that had been set up in the prison garden as a reading room; he had hanged himself using an extension cord strung over a window latch. [114] The cover design was done by John Van Hamersveld,[121] the head of Capitol's art department, working from the artwork sent from EMI in London. Pepper unfavourably,[166] Richard Goldstein of The New York Times rued that the new songs furthered the gap between true rock values and studio effects, and that the band's "fascination with motif" was equally reflected in the elaborate packaging. WebRequired Cookies & Technologies. [17] Hess was a participant in street battles in early 1919 and led a group that distributed thousands of antisemitic pamphlets in Munich. [44] On their way back to the carriers, their crews noted two Philippine-registered freighters lying just outside the port: Florence D.[45] and Don Isidro. [117] Hess repeated his peace proposal to John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon, then serving as Lord Chancellor, in an interview on 9 June 1942. On 14 May, Ilse Hess finally learned that her husband had survived the trip when news of his fate was broadcast on German radio. McLean helped Hess to his nearby cottage and contacted the local Home Guard unit, who escorted the captive to their headquarters in Busby, East Renfrewshire. Following a bumpy launch week that saw frequent server trouble and bloated player queues, Blizzard has announced that over 25 million Overwatch 2 players have logged on in its first 10 days. Choose from thousands of hotel discounts & cheap hotel rooms. [56], Of major military consequence was the loss of most of the cargo shipping available to support efforts in Java and the Philippines with Java being effectively sealed off from further surface shipments from Australia. The dive bombers also attacked Florence D. and sank her off Bathurst Island with the loss of four crewmen. [36][37] He later recalled, "I began to submerge. [75][76], "Your Mother Should Know" is a song in the music hall style[58] similar to McCartney's "When I'm Sixty-Four" from Sgt. [148] In the UK singles listings compiled by Melody Maker magazine, it replaced "Hello, Goodbye" at number 1 for a week. He lived in a modest house in Munich. [95] Soviet leader Joseph Stalin believed that Hess's flight had been engineered by the British. The Japanese bombers then turned, and made a second attack on the base. Pepper sessions but the lyrics remained incomplete until September. Conversely, Allied air commanders launched a build-up in the Darwin area, building more airfields and deploying many squadrons. He similarly views "The Fool on the Hill" as the "Fixing a Hole"style "cool, contemplative ballad", just as Harrison provides "another droning epic" and McCartney offers "another archaic number" in "Your Mother Should Know", which he finds a "halfhearted attempt at satiric nostalgia". [35], According to musicologist Thomas MacFarlane, Magical Mystery Tour shows the Beatles once more "focusing on colour and texture as important compositional elements" and exploring the "aesthetic possibilities" of studio technology. Series 2 Navy, "The Japanese Navy's operations against Australia in the Second World War, with a commentary on Japanese sources", United States Army Center of Military History, Bombing of Darwin, Northern Territory Library online feature, City of Darwin educational resources on Bombing of Darwin, Federation Frontline: A secondary school education resource on the bombing of Darwin, Northern Territory World War II Exhibition, Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bombing_of_Darwin&oldid=1123940979, Battles of World War II involving Australia, South West Pacific theatre of World War II, World War II aerial operations and battles of the Pacific theatre, 20th century in Darwin, Northern Territory, All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 242 aircraft (188 carrier-based aircraft; 54 land-based medium bomber aircraft), Freight transport, beached, refloated 6 April, Freight transport, beached, refloated 17 April, Freight transport, 14,000 drums aviation gasoline, damaged, Freight transport, beached, refloated 20 February, This page was last edited on 26 November 2022, at 14:43. [37] Hess was one of the few people who could meet with Hitler at any time without an appointment. [188] In his book The Ambient Century, Mark Prendergast describes it as "the most psychedelic album The Beatles ever released" and, along with Revolver, an "essential purchase". [7] The film was to be unscripted: various "ordinary" people were to travel on a coach and have unspecified "magical" adventures. Described by Lewisohn as "quite problematical". Pepper "Part 2", it "breathes easier and includes stronger songs" and benefits from the lack of a "forced concept". 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1998th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 998th year of the 2ndmillennium, the 98th year of the 20thcentury, and the 9th year of the 1990s decade. The lyrics document his wait for music publicist Derek Taylor to find his way to Blue Jay Way through the fog-ridden hills, while Harrison struggled to stay awake after the flight from London to Los Angeles. After his death, the prison was demolished to prevent it from becoming a neo-Nazi shrine. In 2000, Darwin historian Peter Forrest, who spoke to survivors and researched the attacks for an unpublished book, said (as paraphrased by a journalist), "the first Japanese air raids on Darwin probably killed more than double the official figure of 243", but by 2002 had lowered his estimate to "anything up to double that 243".[113][114]. 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